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	<title>Graham Bell &#187; Holistic</title>
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		<title>Forest Gardening</title>
		<link>http://grahambell.org/wordpress/archives/227</link>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 01 Mar 2009 11:09:48 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[Projects]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[Before the &#8216;communications age&#8217; we had an industrial civilisation.  Our capacity to invent and make tools took us to these advances.  Before all of that we developed our agriculture &#8211; perfecting techniques of husbandry for animals and production of field scale crops, from grain through vegetables.  Before all that we were hunter gatherers.

Firewood from the [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Before the &#8216;communications age&#8217; we had an industrial civilisation.  Our capacity to invent and make tools took us to these advances.  Before all of that we developed our agriculture &#8211; perfecting techniques of husbandry for animals and production of field scale crops, from grain through vegetables.  Before all that we were hunter gatherers.<span id="more-227"></span></p>
<p><a href="http://grahambell.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/logs.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-250" title="logs" src="http://grahambell.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/logs.jpg" alt="logs" width="435" height="400" /></a></p>
<p><span style="color: #339966;"><em>Firewood from the Garden September 2008</em></span></p>
<p align="justify">Imagine if you didn&#8217;t have to work for all your basic needs.  You could just go outside and gather them.  Well once upon a time that&#8217;s just what we did.  And we can do again.  The extent to which we can derive our basic needs is limited only by the resources available to us &#8211; land, time, seed and understanding.  Literally and metaphorically. That&#8217;s what it means to be a hunter-gatherer.</p>
<p align="justify"><img src="../../UserFiles/Image/Harvest_20August_202008.jpg" alt="" width="426" height="320" /></p>
<p><em><span style="color: #339966;">One hour&#8217;s harvest in the garden September 2008.  Chard, three types of beans, carrots, one very bifurcated parsnip, blackberries, apples, pears.  The same day we were eating potatoes, onions and pumpkin from the garden, gathering hazelnuts to dry and wondering what to do with a mountain of salad.<br />
</span></em><br />
Forest gardens give us a modern interpretation of this world-view.  Low input / high output systems, tailored to meeting the maximum productivity from minimum work, by careful thinking, planning, design and execution.  Forests are self-fertile assemblages of mutually beneficial trees, plants, fungi. animals, birds and invertebrates, which are productive throughout the seasons and offer niches for flora and fauna to prosper in a mutually supportive way.  They are sustained by the natural cycles of life where the outputs of each specieas meet the needs of each other in intricate and sustaining ways.</p>
<p align="justify"><img src="../../UserFiles/Late%20pears%2027.9.08.JPG" alt="" width="400" height="300" /></p>
<p><span style="color: #339966;"><em>Late pears.  September 2008 &#8211; a long neglected pear tree starts to bear good fruit again after continuous pruning for some years.</em></span></p>
<p><em> </em>The key species as far as we are concerned is us.  We can harvest fruit, nuts, vegetables, salads, timber, fibre, fuel and fish and flesh if it&#8217;s your taste too.  The Amazon jungle has been husbanded by the native population for over five thousand years &#8211; it&#8217;s not just a wilderness. You can do the same wherever you can live on the planet.  My garden in the Scottish Borders supports dozens of varieties af apples, pears, plums, hazelnuts, chestnuts, walnuts, red, white and black currants, gooseberries, a range of hybrid berries (including worcesterberries and loganberries), raspberries, strawberries, blackberries and some more exotic species, such as american and asian chokeberries and walnut species.  They are not all equally productive, but planned and managed as an array of produce which gives little more labour need than picking the produce and an occassional prune to let the light in.  Which in turn yields kindling for the stove and compostable material.</p>
<p><img src="../../UserFiles/Image/Permaculture%20Pix/Blenheim%20Orange%20Apples%20September%202007.jpg" alt="" width="350" height="263" /></p>
<p><em><span style="color: #339966;">You have to select varieties appropriate for your environment.  This is Blenheim Orange apples in a heavy yielding year (2007) giving hundreds of huge tasty apples off an area of about nine square metres.  Underneath are herbs and golden rod (a great late bee fodder plant).  A cox flavoured apple which can be eaten as a desrt apple or makes an excellent baker, it&#8217;s truly north hardy, whereas cox&#8217;s orange pippin is a lttle variable in the North of England / Scotland.<br />
</span></em><br />
If you want to see what the garden produces occassional reports appear on other parts of the website &#8211; see pictures of the year, and Today&#8230;.</p>
<p><img src="../../UserFiles/Sandy%20and%20Pumkin%2011.9.08%282%29.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="533" /></p>
<p><em><span style="color: #339966;">As former town councillor Jock Law famously said upon seeing my 1989 10lb pumpkin &#8220;Ye cannae grow pumkins in Scotland&#8221;.  He went on to found the Coldstream pumpkin club &#8211; still running today.  This baby weighs 94lbs and has been gifted to the Marie Curie Foundation for Cancer Care as a raffle prize at their Kelso ball this month.  Hope the winner likes pumpkin.<br />
</span></em><br />
To find out more, check out these:</p>
<p><strong><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: #3366cc; font-size: x-small;">THE PERMACULTURE GARDEN<br />
</span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Swiss,SunSans-Regular;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Graham Bell<br />
Learn how to plan your garden for easy access and minimum labour; save time and effort; recycle materials to save money; plan year-round harvests; save energy and harvest water; and garden without chemicals.<br />
</span><em><span style="font-size: x-small;">ISBN 978 1 85623 027 8. 170pp. 65 line drawings. PBK. £14.95<br />
</span></em></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Swiss,SunSans-Regular;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Swiss,SunSans-Regular;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,sans-serif; color: #3366cc; font-size: x-small;"><strong>THE PERMACULTURE WAY<br />
Practical Steps To Create A Self-Sustaining World<br />
</strong></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Swiss,SunSans-Regular;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><em>Graham Bell<br />
</em>Shows us how to consciously design a lifestyle which is low in environmental impact and highly productive. “Permaculture simply asks people to put as much into life as they demand from it.<br />
</span><em><span style="font-size: x-small;">ISBN 978 1 85623 028 5. 240pp. 38 line drawings. PBK. £14.95<br />
</span></em></span><br />
Which you can order from:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.permanent-publications.co.uk/publications_1.htm">http://www.permanent-publications.co.uk/publications_1.htm</a> in the UK</p>
<p>and</p>
<p><a href="http://www.chelseagreen.com/bookstore/search/=gardening_agriculture/">http://www.chelseagreen.com/bookstore/search/=gardening_agriculture/</a> in the USA</p>
<hr size="1" noshade="noshade" />
<p align="justify">
<div><a href="http://www.chelseagreen.com/bookstore/item/edible_forest_gardens_2_volume_set:hardcover"></a></div>
<div><a href="http://www.chelseagreen.com/bookstore/item/edible_forest_gardens_2_volume_set:hardcover">Edible Forest Gardens (2 volume set)</a></div>
<div>Volume I: Ecological Vision and Theory for Temperate Climate Permaculture,<br />
Volume II Ecological Design and Practice for Temperate Climate Permaculture</div>
<div>Dave Jacke</div>
<div>Hardcover | <del>$150.00</del> <em>On Sale:</em><span> $120.00!</span></div>
<div><em>Edible Forest Gardens</em> is the authoritative text on edible landscaping featuring a step-by-step guide to designing your own aesthetic yet productive environment using vegetables, fruits, flowers, and herbs for a combination of ornamental and culinary purposes</div>
<p align="justify">
<div>
<div style="float: left;"><a href="http://www.chelseagreen.com/bookstore/item/edible_forest_gardens_vol_ii:hardcover"><img src="https://www.chelseagreen.com/common/files/image/_tmb_search/291.jpg" border="0" alt="" /></a></div>
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<div><a href="http://www.chelseagreen.com/bookstore/item/edible_forest_gardens_vol_ii:hardcover"></a></div>
<div><a href="http://www.chelseagreen.com/bookstore/item/edible_forest_gardens_vol_ii:hardcover">Edible Forest Gardens Vol. II</a></div>
<div>Ecological Design and Practice for Temperate Climate Permaculture</div>
<div>Dave Jacke</div>
<div>Hardcover | <del>$75.00</del> <em>On Sale:</em><span> $60.00!</span></div>
<div><em>Edible Forest Gardens</em> is the authoritative text on edible landscaping featuring a step-by-step guide to designing your own aesthetic yet productive environment using vegetables, fruits, flowers, and herbs for a combination of ornamental and culinary purposes</div>
<p>and these:<br />
<em><span style="color: #0000ff;"><br />
<a href="http://www.risc.org.uk/garden/roberthart.html">http://www.risc.org.uk/garden/roberthart.html</a></span></em></p>
<p><em><a href="http://www.spiralseed.co.uk/forestgarden/">http://www.spiralseed.co.uk/forestgarden/</a></em></p>
<p><em><a href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/Forest-Gardening-Robert-Hart/dp/1900322021">http://www.amazon.co.uk/Forest-Gardening-Robert-Hart/dp/1900322021</a></em></p>
<p><em><a href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/Make-Forest-Garden-Patrick-Whitefield/dp/1856230082/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_b">http://www.amazon.co.uk/Make-Forest-Garden-Patrick-Whitefield/dp/1856230082/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_b</a></em></p>
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		<title>Mycelium</title>
		<link>http://grahambell.org/wordpress/archives/269</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:09:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[Two adages most frequently used in business (or anywhere else for that matter):
&#8220;Our best resources are our people&#8221;
&#8220;It&#8217;s not what you know &#8211; it&#8217;s who you know&#8221;
I first dreamed up mycelium some years ago, and would occassionally discuss it with trusted friends, all of whom thought it was a great idea.  However, it wasn&#8217;t until [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><span style="color: #808000; font-size: small;">Two adages most frequently used in business (or anywhere else for that matter):</span></p>
<p align="center"><span style="color: #0000ff; font-size: small;">&#8220;Our best resources are our people&#8221;</span></p>
<p align="center"><span style="color: #0000ff; font-size: small;">&#8220;It&#8217;s not what you know &#8211; it&#8217;s who you know&#8221;</span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #808000;"><span style="font-size: small;">I first dreamed up <strong>my</strong>celium some years ago, and would occassionally discuss it with trusted friends, all of whom thought it was a great idea.  However, it wasn&#8217;t until creating this website that I realised the web was the powerful <span style="color: #808000;">tool needed to develop this concept.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #808000; font-size: small;">I&#8217;ve met hundreds (well probably <em>thousands</em>) of people I admire who have skills, knowledge and talents that it&#8217;s worth others knowing about.  I meet many people who are making their way in the world doing things they believe in passionately, and I&#8217;m very lucky to move in circles where such folks predominate. I also know there are many more people out there not doing exactly what they want.</span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #808000; font-size: small;">The concept for <strong>my</strong>celium came from discovering the importance of fungi in natural systems.  When you see a mushroom or toadstool it is only the outward fruiting body of a living organism spread by millions of interconnected strands through the soil and flora of its environment.  Every part of the network is connected to every other part, and the function of the <strong>my</strong>celium (which is what this organism is called) is to exchange nutrients &#8211; aiding the decomposition of old material to create fertile conditions for the creation of the new.</span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #808000; font-size: small;">So our virtual network will do the same.   And just like the underground plant that we know as &#8216;fungus&#8217; because that&#8217;s what we see of it, we&#8217;ll just carry on building contacts, learning about the resources of our network, feeding each other, quietly.  So when you <a href="javascript:void(window.open('http://grahambell.org/forum/profile.php?mode=register','','resizable=yes,location=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=no,status=no,toolbar=no,fullscreen=no,dependent=no'))">register</a> at <strong>my</strong>celium (and it only takes a minute or two, so do it today!), do take the time to fill in your profile &#8211; because as this <strong>my</strong>celium grows we will want to share what we have to offer and what we are looking for, gaining mutual benefit.  Later on we will have developed enough to burst into full view and scatter some wisdom and good consequences.  Our ability to inter-trade ideas, goods, services and support will feed that ability.</span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #808000; font-size: small;">The spores have landed, and they are starting to germinate and take root. Then the network spreads.  Later it will fruit spreading new spores.  And so on.  I look forward to your contribution to that process.</span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="font-size: small;">Graham</span></p>
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